I can see the Vision client application logs in the diagnostic popup, but I'm wondering if the log files are stored somewhere on the machine. If so, where can I find them?
They are not.
If you need to capture these for bug reporting, look at the launcher's log file to find the final java command line that it used. Run that from a terminal and collect the output there.
Interesting. I think this would satisfy my use case. TYSM!